1) sed '2 s/Python/Perl/g' 1.txt 2) sed '$ s/Programming/Scripting/' 1.txt 3) echo "path likhna" | sed 's/.*\///' 4) echo "Bash Language"|sed 's/\(Bash\)/ Learn\1 Programming/' 1.txt 1) find . -type f -perm 0777 2) chmod -R 1777 try/ 3) find . -type d -perm 777|chmod -R 755 . 4) find . -mtime -20 find . -atime -20 5) find . -mmin -60